Numéro 1, Numéro Spécial : PISTIL

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1. Persuasion et Influence : changer les attitudes, changer les comportements. Regards de la psychologie sociale

Valérie Fointiat ; Laura Barbier.

The study of the socio-psychological processes involved in persuasion is onethe pivotal topics in social psychology. Eight decades ago, researchers from Yaleuniversity were the first in studying the mechanism of persuasion in the specificcontext of World War ll. Persuasion is obtained when the receptor of communicationmakes a change in his mind that is when a change in attitude occurs. Logically, such achange in attitude should imply a change in behavior. The research on behavioralchange show that it is not systematically the case. Thus changing what people think isnot changing what people do (or what people will do). This shortcut could biased theconclusions of researches, in the large domain of persuasion as well as in the morerestricted domain of the persuasive technologies. In conclusion, we would like topromote a theoretical, methodological articulation between HMI and social psychology.

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2. Etat de l’art en conception de systèmes persuasifs

Anthony Foulonneau ; Gaëlle Calvary ; Eric Villain.

By their ability to change person's behaviors and attitudes, persuasive technologies appear as promising for overcoming societal challenges. They are based on theories and models from cognitive psychology and social psychology. The earlier works on persuasive technologies, by Fogg, identified many persuasive principles to influence user's behaviors and attitude, and thus useful for building persuasive systems. Studies on persuasive technologies also bring design methods, architectures, persuasive interfaces, and experimentation in numerous domains. The grand challenge is now to adapt persuasion to the complexity and versatility of each individual, thereby maximizing the persuasive effectiveness. We still have to build plastic persuasive technologies.

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3. Persuasion technologique et Energie : revue critique de l’état de l’art

Grégory Cano ; Yann Laurillau ; Gaëlle Calvary.

This paper presents a state of the art and an analysis of existing works dedicated to persuasive technologies for energy consumption. Thanks to a systematic analysis, a set of concepts of persuasion has been identified and organized into a six dimensional design space. In particular, the concept of persuasion function is identified and defined. Six persuasion functions are identified: Mirror, Explain, Recommend, What-if, What-for, Suggest-and-Adjust. This design space is used to characterize the works considered in this state of the art.

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4. Évolution de l’inspection heuristique : vers une intégration des critères d’accessibilité, de praticité, d’émotion et de persuasion dans l’évaluation ergonomique

Eric Brangier ; Michel Desmarais ; Nemery Alexandra ; Sandrine Prom Tep.

This research investigates the issue of conducting heuristic inspections along an extended array of dimensions that includes often ignored considerations such as motivational and persuasive factors. Two objectives are pursued: to offer a comprehensive perspective on the different approaches to heuristic inspections and their evolution in the last decades since their emergence, and to propose an approach that integrates the extended array of heuristic criteria. The motivation for the proposed approach and the issues faced are also discussed.

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5. Validation expérimentale des critères de persuasion interactive : analyse de leur efficacité à inspecter la persuasion dans des interfaces

Eric Brangier ; Nemery Alexandra ; SCHMITT Séverine.

The objective of this article is to present a study that has been made about the use of the interactive persuasion criteria grid in order to identify persuasiveelements in the interfaces. Two groups have been created, “criteria” and “control”. Both should identify persuasive elements of two interfaces: social network (Facebook) and e-commerce (Cdiscount). During the second phase of the experiment, the “criteria” group had an access to the grid. 27 participants were recruited for this study. The results show that the participants have found more persuasive elements with the grid and that the identification performance was better for the e-commerce website. The average evaluation performance is significantly different (p = 0.000) on the two sites. On Facebook, participants' performance was 9.7% ("control" group) and 23.8% then ("test" group); and for Cdiscount respectively 21.7% ("control" group) and 43.6% ("test" group). The set of guidelines really allows to increase the identification of forms of persuasion in interfaces.

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6. Ludo-persuasive systems for sustainable consumption. 1 – Landmarks and challenges

Bernard Senach ; Anne-Laure Negri.

For over 40 years, it is common knowledge that industrial society has to reduce its energy consumption. Most of people are now aware that this change is necessary. However, commitment to action is still difficult and there is substantial work to be done. Attention has turned to Human and Social Sciences, as a deeper understanding of behaviors' determinant and use of influence principles could help to speed up behavior changes. New technical devices combining game design, interaction techniques and persuasion have emerged but the field is still in its infancy. This article gives a glimpse at a toolbox helping to design and evaluate interactive persuasive devices and discuss five main challenges. This work is extended by two others papers: Negri et Senach (2015b) provide a first grid of persuasion principles and in Senach et Negri (2015c), these grid have been applied to assess the persuasive properties of an energy challenge within a company.

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7. Systèmes ludo-persuasifs pour la consommation durable. : 2 – Elaboration d'une grille de principes ludo-persuasifs

Anne-Laure Negri ; Bernard Senach.

Ludo-Persuasive Systems (LPS) are systems which are designed with the intent of changing people's behavior or attitude. As highlighted in Senach and Negri (2015a), such systems are based on two converging fields-gamification and persuasive technologies-but their engineering still is in its infancy. In this chapter, the authors build on existing lists of persuasive and gamification principles and integrate the various works ((Fogg, 2003) (Oinas-Kukkonen and Harjumaa, 2009) (Nemery, 2012)) in order to provide a grid that can be seen as a first tool in a LPS toolbox. The proposed grid is to be used both as a design and an evaluation tool. It was tested in the post-mortem analysis of an energy saving challenge described in Senach and Negri (2015b). The paper starts with discussions on the method followed to select, cluster and assess the implementation of the principles; it then defines the ludo-persuasive principles by providing examples and hints for identifying ludo-persuasive indicators.

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8. Systèmes ludo-persuasifs pour la consommation durable : 3 -Analyse du potentiel ludo-persuasif d'un challenge énergétique en entreprise

Bernard Senach ; Anne-Laure Negri.

L'articulation des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication (NTIC) avec les modèles de changements comportementaux développés dans les Sciences Humaines et Sociales (SHS) joue un rôle de plus en plus important pour le développement durable. Dans les sociétés avancées, il est nécessaire de modifier radicalement nos modes de vie et, dans les sociétés dites émergentes, l'impératif est l'adoption de modes de développement alternatifs. Les NTIC ont ainsi trouvé un champ d'application privilégié dans le contexte de la réduction des consommations énergétiques. Plusieurs challenges énergétiques ont été conduits aussi bien avec le grand public qu'avec les employés d'entreprises. L'évaluation de l'efficacité de ces dispositifs ne dit généralement pas grand-chose de leurs qualités intrinsèques, de leurs défauts, de leurs faiblesses. L'article propose une analyse détaillée des caractéristiques ludo-persuasives du projet Ecoffices, un challenge énergétique basé sur une instrumentation des bureaux qui s'est déroulé sur plusieurs mois au sein d'une entreprise. A l'issue du projet, le bilan des économies d'énergie réalisées a été globalement satisfaisant. Cependant, un certain nombre de faiblesses ont questionné le dispositif sur des points tels que le […]

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