<resource xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:datacite="http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4" xmlns:oaire="http://namespace.openaire.eu/schema/oaire/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://namespace.openaire.eu/schema/oaire/ https://www.openaire.eu/schema/repo-lit/4.0/openaire.xsd"><datacite:identifier identifierType="DOI">10.46298/jips.1240</datacite:identifier><datacite:alternateIdentifiers><datacite:alternateIdentifier alternateIdentifierType="URL">http://jips.episciences.org/1240</datacite:alternateIdentifier></datacite:alternateIdentifiers><datacite:creators><datacite:creator><datacite:creatorName>Lachaume, Thomas</datacite:creatorName><datacite:givenName>Thomas</datacite:givenName><datacite:familyName>Lachaume</datacite:familyName><datacite:affiliation>Laboratoire d'Informatique et d'Automatique pour les Systèmes</datacite:affiliation><datacite:nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org/">https://ror.org/02b5vq778</datacite:nameIdentifier><datacite:affiliation>Ingénierie des Données et des moDèles</datacite:affiliation><datacite:affiliation>Laboratoire d'informatique et d'automatique pour les systèmes [EA 6315]</datacite:affiliation><datacite:nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org/">https://ror.org/02b5vq778</datacite:nameIdentifier></datacite:creator><datacite:creator><datacite:creatorName>Guittet, Laurent</datacite:creatorName><datacite:givenName>Laurent</datacite:givenName><datacite:familyName>Guittet</datacite:familyName><datacite:affiliation>Laboratoire d'Informatique et d'Automatique pour les Systèmes</datacite:affiliation><datacite:nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org/">https://ror.org/02b5vq778</datacite:nameIdentifier><datacite:affiliation>Ingénierie des Données et des moDèles</datacite:affiliation><datacite:affiliation>Laboratoire d'informatique et d'automatique pour les systèmes [EA 6315]</datacite:affiliation><datacite:nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org/">https://ror.org/02b5vq778</datacite:nameIdentifier></datacite:creator><datacite:creator><datacite:creatorName>Girard, Patrick</datacite:creatorName><datacite:givenName>Patrick</datacite:givenName><datacite:familyName>Girard</datacite:familyName><datacite:affiliation>Laboratoire d'Informatique et d'Automatique pour les Systèmes</datacite:affiliation><datacite:nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org/">https://ror.org/02b5vq778</datacite:nameIdentifier><datacite:affiliation>Ingénierie des Données et des moDèles</datacite:affiliation><datacite:affiliation>Laboratoire d'informatique et d'automatique pour les systèmes [EA 6315]</datacite:affiliation><datacite:nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org/">https://ror.org/02b5vq778</datacite:nameIdentifier><datacite:nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">0000-0001-8556-1816</datacite:nameIdentifier></datacite:creator><datacite:creator><datacite:creatorName>Fousse, Allan</datacite:creatorName><datacite:givenName>Allan</datacite:givenName><datacite:familyName>Fousse</datacite:familyName><datacite:affiliation>Laboratoire d'Informatique et d'Automatique pour les Systèmes</datacite:affiliation><datacite:nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org/">https://ror.org/02b5vq778</datacite:nameIdentifier><datacite:affiliation>Laboratoire d'Informatique et d'Automatique pour les Systèmes</datacite:affiliation><datacite:affiliation>Ingénierie des Données et des moDèles</datacite:affiliation><datacite:affiliation>Ingénierie des Données et des moDèles</datacite:affiliation><datacite:affiliation>Laboratoire d'informatique et d'automatique pour les systèmes [EA 6315]</datacite:affiliation><datacite:nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org/">https://ror.org/02b5vq778</datacite:nameIdentifier></datacite:creator></datacite:creators><datacite:titles><datacite:title xml:lang="en">Task model simulators: a review</datacite:title><datacite:title xml:lang="fr">Les simulateurs de modèles de tâches : une revue</datacite:title></datacite:titles><dc:description xml:lang="en">Task modelling has enabled the building of models of human activity for a long time. In the early years, pencil and paper where the only means available to build task models from task model notations. Because of the lack of computed constraints, task models often did not conform to the notation. To solve this problem, some tools were designed by authors in order to help users create, modify and save correct models that conform to the notation syntactic rules. However, understanding the full semantics of task models appeared difficult for practitioners. The dynamic aspects of task models could only be understood "in the user's head". New tools, named simulators, emerged to solve this problem. They allow to "run" or to "simulate" task models and to record scenarios. This execution fulfils the semantics of task model operators, which define the task dynamic semantics. Simulators can be used in many ways such as understanding model semantics, verifying or validating models, building valid scenarios, etc. In this article, we describe and compare currently available and maintained task model simulators, and explain the different usages of these tools, according to user goals and qualifications. Then, we explore the different challenges for these tools to exploit the complete semantics of task models.</dc:description><dc:description xml:lang="fr">La description de l’activité humain-système par des modèles de tâches existe depuis plusieurs années. Après l’époque papier-crayon, les outils d’édition des modèles de tâches ont permis la conception et l’archivage des modèles selon une notation rigoureuse, et la vérification de leur cohérence. Mais la compréhension de la dynamique est restée affaire de spécialiste jusqu’à l’apparition des simulateurs de modèles. Une simulation permet d’appréhender les enchaînements réels de tâches - décrits implicitement par les opérateurs temporels - et de valider les scénarios ainsi réalisés.Cet article décrit et compare les simulateurs actuellement disponibles et maintenus, et explique leurs différents usages en fonction des buts et niveaux d’expertise des utilisateurs. De nouvelles perspectives d’évolutions de ces modèles et outils sont alors définies dans le but d’améliorer leur sémantique.</dc:description><datacite:subjects><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">Simulator</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">Task model</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">Modèle de tâches</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">Simulateur</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">ACM: H.: Information Systems/H.1: MODELS AND PRINCIPLES/H.1.2: User/Machine Systems/H.1.2.1: Human information processing</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">ACM: H.: Information Systems/H.5: INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI)/H.5.2: User Interfaces/H.5.2.13: Theory and methods</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">ACM: H.: Information Systems/H.5: INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI)/H.5.3: Group and Organization Interfaces/H.5.3.6: Theory and models</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">[INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC]</datacite:subject></datacite:subjects><oaire:licenseCondition startDate="2015-07-22 16:21:02" uri="https://about.hal.science/hal-authorisation-v1">Hal authorisation v1</oaire:licenseCondition><datacite:dates><datacite:date dateType="Accepted">2015-07-22</datacite:date><datacite:date dateType="Issued">2015-07-22</datacite:date><datacite:date dateType="Available">2015-07-22</datacite:date></datacite:dates><dc:language>eng</dc:language><dc:publisher>Association Francophone d’Interaction Homme-Machine (AFIHM)</dc:publisher><oaire:resourceType resourceTypeGeneral="literature" uri="http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501">journal        article    </oaire:resourceType><datacite:relatedIdentifiers><datacite:relatedIdentifier relatedIdentifierType="URL" relationType="IsIdenticalTo">https://hal.science/hal-01168259v1</datacite:relatedIdentifier><datacite:relatedIdentifier relatedIdentifierType="ISSN" relationType="IsPartOf">2418-1838</datacite:relatedIdentifier></datacite:relatedIdentifiers><datacite:rights rightsURI="http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2">open access</datacite:rights><oaire:file accessRightsURI="http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2" mimeType="application/pdf" objectType="fulltext">http://jips.episciences.org/1240/pdf</oaire:file><oaire:version uri="http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85">VoR</oaire:version><dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format><oaire:citationTitle>JIPS - Journal d'Interaction Personne-Système</oaire:citationTitle><oaire:citationVolume>Issue 3, Special issue : Task Models</oaire:citationVolume><oaire:citationIssue>Special issues</oaire:citationIssue><dcterms:audience>Researchers</dcterms:audience><dcterms:audience>Students</dcterms:audience></resource>